The metal frame is also called steel frame or metal structure. The metal frame consists of steel beams and columns. The columns of the structure are placed vertically and horizontally. The most basic materials used in the metal frame are steel sections. Steel sections are used in the implementation of metal skeletons because they have great strength and resistance, and their weldability and malleability are suitable.
The use of steel skeletons in buildings reduces the weight of the structure and show more strength against any impact and pressure. Metal frame parts are connected to each other by methods such as welding or bolts. In the steel frame, the steel beams are the horizontal part of the frame that resist the loads applied to their axis. The metal column is also the vertical part of the skeleton that transmits the pressures. Steel skeletons are called Steel structure in English. Steel sections such as iron beams, iron cans and other profiles are used in the implementation of the metal framework.
The types of skeletons of buildings
Nowadays, structures are mainly made of metal skeletons or concrete skeletons. Construction of buildings with concrete skeletons is currently more common in Iran and is used more. Steel frame is more resistant than concrete frame. Also, the speed of their implementation is much higher, but its implementation is more expensive due to the fact that steel sections are used entirely and the price of iron is much higher than concrete. For this reason, concrete skeletons are used more.
Types of steel skeletons
The metal framework of buildings consists of vertical columns and horizontal beams, and these columns and beams are connected to each other in different ways. According to the type of connection of their components, metal skeletons are divided into two types: bolted metal skeleton and welding metal skeleton
Bolt
In bolted steel frame, all the steel columns and beams are connected to each other by means of bolts and nuts, and finally form the primary steel frame of the building. Bolt and nut metal skeleton is the best type of steel skeleton compared to others. To implement this type of skeleton, the beams and columns are already produced in the factory or workshop and are later sent to the construction site by transporters. The speed of construction with bolt and nut skeleton is much higher than other metal skeletons. To implement bolted skeleton, it is only necessary to transport the parts to the construction site and connect the steel beams and columns with bolts.
Welding metal skeleton
In the implementation of the welded metal skeleton, all the activities and matters related to the implementation of the skeleton are done at the construction site. The beams and columns and the necessary parts are cut at the workplace and connected to each other by welding. In the implementation of the skeleton with welding, it is necessary that all weldings are done by an expert and experienced person and high quality welding is done. Welded steel frame is used for small buildings, in simple plan and in small area. Because it is more difficult to weld parts and connect them in large structures by welding method. Welding quality is very important in this type of skeleton. If the welding of beams and columns and their connection is not done well, the overall strength of the structure will not be suitable and will cause many risks and damages in the future.
The benefits of metal skeletons
High strength: In general, the resistance of steel is much higher than that of concrete. It can withstand a lot of tension. However, concrete is suitable for compressive strength, but it works poorly against tensile forces, for this reason, if steel sections are not used between the concrete, it will not have the necessary strength. The reason for using rebar in concrete is the weakness of concrete against tensile forces. Steel frame structures are generally made of steel sections and therefore have more resistance.
Steel frame has a lower weight than concrete frame. This feature in large buildings makes a big difference in the total cost and load of the building.
Steel frame occupies less space in the building compared to concrete frame. If steel frame is strong, it takes up a lot of space in the structure.
The speed of project execution is much higher when steel frame is used.
Metal frame because of its stability. And it needs less maintenance and has a longer life The result will be less cost.
The parts of this type of skeleton can be applied and prepared in any size and to withstand any pressure.
Steel skeleton parts in the required sizes and sizes. They are produced in the factory, and for this reason, the waste of materials is less compared to the concrete frame.
The materials used in the metal frame are of recycled type, and in this respect, there is less damage to the environment.< /p>
Possibility of modification and side leaf Defects without destroying materials and destruction exist in the metal frame
Steel sections have the properties of homogeneity and elasticity. The coefficient of seismic force is lower in the steel frame. In reinforced concrete forms, the seismic force coefficient increases due to the greater weight